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      • Tutorials
      • Python
        • Python Basics
          • Python Basics
            • Introduction Python
            • Setup Development Environment
            • Syntax Fundamentals
            • Variables and Data Types
            • Operators and Expressions
            • Input and Output Statements
          • Control Flow
            • Conditional Statements
            • Loops (for, while)
            • Break and Continue Statements
            • Pass Statement
            • Exception Handling Basics
          • Data Structures
            • Lists and List Operations
            • Tuples
            • Dictionaries
            • Sets
            • String Manipulation
          • Functions
            • Defining and calling functions
            • Parameters and Arguments
            • Return Statements
            • Variable Scope
            • Lambda Functions
          • Modules and Packages
            • Importing Modules
            • Creating Your Own Modules
            • Standard Library Overview
            • Installing External Packages Using pip
            • Virtual Environments
          • Object-Oriented Programming
            • Classes and Objects in Python
            • Attributes and Methods
            • Constructors in Python
            • Inheritance
            • Polymorphism
            • Encapsulation in Python
          • File Operations
            • Opening and Closing Files
            • Reading and Writing Files
            • Working with CSV and JSON Files
            • Error Handling in File Operations
          • Error Handling
            • Types of Errors in Python
            • Try-Except Blocks in Python
            • Debugging Techniques in Python
            • Raising Exceptions in Python
            • How to use Python debugger
          • Practice Projects
            • Command-line Interface Tool: File Creation tool
            • Data analysis script
            • Web scraping basics
            • Next steps for Learning Python
        • Python Standard Library
          • Overview
            • Introduction
          • Text Processing
            • Common string operations
            • Regular expression operations
            • Helpers for computing deltas
            • Text wrapping and filling
            • Unicode Database
          • Data Types and Structures
            • Basic date and time types
            • General calendar-related functions
            • Container datatypes
            • Heap queue algorithm
            • Array bisection algorithm
            • Efficient arrays of numeric values
            • Weak references
            • Shallow and deep copy operations
            • Data pretty printer
          • Numeric and Mathematical Modules
            • Mathematical functions
            • Mathematical functions for complex numbers
            • Decimal fixed point and floating point arithmetic
            • Rational numbers
            • Generate pseudo-random numbers
            • Mathematical statistics functions
          • File and Directory Access
            • Object-oriented filesystem paths
            • Common pathname manipulations
            • Iterate over lines from multiple input streams
            • Interpreting stat() results
            • File and directory comparisons
            • Generate temporary files and directories
            • Unix style pathname pattern expansion
            • Unix filename pattern matching
            • Random access to text lines
            • High-level file operations
          • Data Persistence
            • Python object serialization
            • Register pickle support functions
            • Python object persistence
            • Internal Python object serialization
            • Interfaces to Unix databases
            • DB-API 2.0 interface for SQLite databases
          • Data Compression and Archiving
            • Compression compatible with gzip
            • Support for gzip files
            • Support for bzip2 compression
            • Compression using the LZMA algorithm
            • Work with ZIP archives
            • Read and write tar archive files
          • File Formats
            • CSV File Reading and Writing
            • Configuration file parser
            • netrc file processing
            • Encode and decode XDR data
            • Generate and parse Mac OS X .plist files
            • JSON encoder and decoder
          • Cryptographic Services
            • Secure hashes and message digests
            • Keyed-Hashing for Message Authentication
            • Generate secure random numbers for managing secrets
          • OS Services and Functionality
            • Miscellaneous operating system interfaces
            • Core tools for working with streams
            • Time access and conversions
            • Parser for command-line options, arguments
            • C-style parser for command line options
            • Logging facility for Python
            • Access to underlying platform's identifying data
            • Standard errno system symbols
            • A foreign function library for Python
          • Concurrent Execution
            • Thread-based parallelism
            • Process-based parallelism
            • Launching parallel tasks
            • Subprocess management
            • Event scheduler
            • A synchronized queue class
            • Asynchronous I/O
          • Networking and Internet
            • Low-level networking interface
            • TLS/SSL wrapper for socket objects
            • Waiting for I/O completion
            • High-level I/O multiplexing
            • Asynchronous socket handler
            • Asynchronous socket command/response handler
            • Set handlers for asynchronous events
            • An email and MIME handling package
            • JSON encoder and decoder
            • Convenient Web-browser controller
            • URL handling modules
            • HTTP modules
            • FTP protocol client
            • POP3 protocol client
            • IMAP4 protocol client
            • SMTP protocol client
            • A framework for network servers
            • HTTP servers
            • HTTP state management
            • Cookie handling for HTTP clients
            • XMLRPC server and client modules
          • Internet Data Handling
            • HyperText Markup Language support
            • Simple HTML and XHTML parser
            • Definitions of HTML general entities
            • XML processing modules
            • The ElementTree XML API
            • The Document Object Model API
            • Minimal DOM implementation
            • Support for building partial DOM trees
            • Support for SAX2 parsers
            • Base classes for SAX handlers
            • SAX Utilities
            • Interface for XML parsers
            • Fast XML parsing using Expat
          • Structured Markup Processing Tools
            • Simple HTML and XHTML parser
            • Definitions of HTML general entities
          • Development Tools
            • Support for type hints
            • Documentation generator and online help system
            • Test interactive Python examples
            • Unit testing framework
            • Mock object library
            • Regression tests package for Python
            • Utilities for the Python test suite
          • Debugging and Profiling
            • Debugger framework
            • Dump the Python traceback
            • The Python Debugger
            • Measure execution time of small code snippets
            • Trace or track Python statement execution
            • Trace memory allocations
            • Performance analysis
          • Software Packaging and Distribution
            • Building and installing Python modules
            • Bootstrapping the pip installer
            • Creation of virtual environments
            • Manage executable Python zip archives
          • Python Runtime Services
            • System-specific parameters and functions
            • Provide access to Python's configuration information'
            • Built-in objects
            • Top-level code environment
            • Warning control
            • Data Classes
            • Utilities for with-statement contexts
            • Abstract Base Classes
            • Exit handlers
            • Print or retrieve a stack traceback
            • Garbage Collector interface
            • Inspect live objects
            • Site-specific configuration hook
          • Internationalization
            • Multilingual internationalization services
            • Internationalization services
          • Program Frameworks
            • Turtle graphics
            • Support for line-oriented command interpreters
            • Simple lexical analysis
          • Graphical User Interfaces
            • Python interface to Tcl/Tk
            • Tk themed widgets
            • Extension widgets for Tk
            • Scrolled Text Widget
          • Specialized Use Cases
            • Manipulate raw audio data
            • Read and write AIFF and AIFC files
            • Read and write Sun AU files
            • Read and write WAV files
            • Read IFF chunked data
            • Conversions between color systems
            • Determine the type of an image
            • Determine type of sound file
            • Access to OSS-compatible audio devices
            • Interface to Sun's NIS (Yellow Pages)
            • Parser for command line options (legacy)
            • Access the import internals (legacy)
      • Python Basics
        • Python Basics
          • Introduction Python
          • Setup Development Environment
          • Syntax Fundamentals
          • Variables and Data Types
          • Operators and Expressions
          • Input and Output Statements
        • Control Flow
          • Conditional Statements
          • Loops (for, while)
          • Break and Continue Statements
          • Pass Statement
          • Exception Handling Basics
        • Data Structures
          • Lists and List Operations
          • Tuples
          • Dictionaries
          • Sets
          • String Manipulation
        • Functions
          • Defining and calling functions
          • Parameters and Arguments
          • Return Statements
          • Variable Scope
          • Lambda Functions
        • Modules and Packages
          • Importing Modules
          • Creating Your Own Modules
          • Standard Library Overview
          • Installing External Packages Using pip
          • Virtual Environments
        • Object-Oriented Programming
          • Classes and Objects in Python
          • Attributes and Methods
          • Constructors in Python
          • Inheritance
          • Polymorphism
          • Encapsulation in Python
        • File Operations
          • Opening and Closing Files
          • Reading and Writing Files
          • Working with CSV and JSON Files
          • Error Handling in File Operations
        • Error Handling
          • Types of Errors in Python
          • Try-Except Blocks in Python
          • Debugging Techniques in Python
          • Raising Exceptions in Python
          • How to use Python debugger
        • Practice Projects
          • Command-line Interface Tool: File Creation tool
          • Data analysis script
          • Web scraping basics
          • Next steps for Learning Python
      • Python Standard Library
        • Overview
          • Introduction
        • Text Processing
          • Common string operations
          • Regular expression operations
          • Helpers for computing deltas
          • Text wrapping and filling
          • Unicode Database
        • Data Types and Structures
          • Basic date and time types
          • General calendar-related functions
          • Container datatypes
          • Heap queue algorithm
          • Array bisection algorithm
          • Efficient arrays of numeric values
          • Weak references
          • Shallow and deep copy operations
          • Data pretty printer
        • Numeric and Mathematical Modules
          • Mathematical functions
          • Mathematical functions for complex numbers
          • Decimal fixed point and floating point arithmetic
          • Rational numbers
          • Generate pseudo-random numbers
          • Mathematical statistics functions
        • File and Directory Access
          • Object-oriented filesystem paths
          • Common pathname manipulations
          • Iterate over lines from multiple input streams
          • Interpreting stat() results
          • File and directory comparisons
          • Generate temporary files and directories
          • Unix style pathname pattern expansion
          • Unix filename pattern matching
          • Random access to text lines
          • High-level file operations
        • Data Persistence
          • Python object serialization
          • Register pickle support functions
          • Python object persistence
          • Internal Python object serialization
          • Interfaces to Unix databases
          • DB-API 2.0 interface for SQLite databases
        • Data Compression and Archiving
          • Compression compatible with gzip
          • Support for gzip files
          • Support for bzip2 compression
          • Compression using the LZMA algorithm
          • Work with ZIP archives
          • Read and write tar archive files
        • File Formats
          • CSV File Reading and Writing
          • Configuration file parser
          • netrc file processing
          • Encode and decode XDR data
          • Generate and parse Mac OS X .plist files
          • JSON encoder and decoder
        • Cryptographic Services
          • Secure hashes and message digests
          • Keyed-Hashing for Message Authentication
          • Generate secure random numbers for managing secrets
        • OS Services and Functionality
          • Miscellaneous operating system interfaces
          • Core tools for working with streams
          • Time access and conversions
          • Parser for command-line options, arguments
          • C-style parser for command line options
          • Logging facility for Python
          • Access to underlying platform's identifying data
          • Standard errno system symbols
          • A foreign function library for Python
        • Concurrent Execution
          • Thread-based parallelism
          • Process-based parallelism
          • Launching parallel tasks
          • Subprocess management
          • Event scheduler
          • A synchronized queue class
          • Asynchronous I/O
        • Networking and Internet
          • Low-level networking interface
          • TLS/SSL wrapper for socket objects
          • Waiting for I/O completion
          • High-level I/O multiplexing
          • Asynchronous socket handler
          • Asynchronous socket command/response handler
          • Set handlers for asynchronous events
          • An email and MIME handling package
          • JSON encoder and decoder
          • Convenient Web-browser controller
          • URL handling modules
          • HTTP modules
          • FTP protocol client
          • POP3 protocol client
          • IMAP4 protocol client
          • SMTP protocol client
          • A framework for network servers
          • HTTP servers
          • HTTP state management
          • Cookie handling for HTTP clients
          • XMLRPC server and client modules
        • Internet Data Handling
          • HyperText Markup Language support
          • Simple HTML and XHTML parser
          • Definitions of HTML general entities
          • XML processing modules
          • The ElementTree XML API
          • The Document Object Model API
          • Minimal DOM implementation
          • Support for building partial DOM trees
          • Support for SAX2 parsers
          • Base classes for SAX handlers
          • SAX Utilities
          • Interface for XML parsers
          • Fast XML parsing using Expat
        • Structured Markup Processing Tools
          • Simple HTML and XHTML parser
          • Definitions of HTML general entities
        • Development Tools
          • Support for type hints
          • Documentation generator and online help system
          • Test interactive Python examples
          • Unit testing framework
          • Mock object library
          • Regression tests package for Python
          • Utilities for the Python test suite
        • Debugging and Profiling
          • Debugger framework
          • Dump the Python traceback
          • The Python Debugger
          • Measure execution time of small code snippets
          • Trace or track Python statement execution
          • Trace memory allocations
          • Performance analysis
        • Software Packaging and Distribution
          • Building and installing Python modules
          • Bootstrapping the pip installer
          • Creation of virtual environments
          • Manage executable Python zip archives
        • Python Runtime Services
          • System-specific parameters and functions
          • Provide access to Python's configuration information'
          • Built-in objects
          • Top-level code environment
          • Warning control
          • Data Classes
          • Utilities for with-statement contexts
          • Abstract Base Classes
          • Exit handlers
          • Print or retrieve a stack traceback
          • Garbage Collector interface
          • Inspect live objects
          • Site-specific configuration hook
        • Internationalization
          • Multilingual internationalization services
          • Internationalization services
        • Program Frameworks
          • Turtle graphics
          • Support for line-oriented command interpreters
          • Simple lexical analysis
        • Graphical User Interfaces
          • Python interface to Tcl/Tk
          • Tk themed widgets
          • Extension widgets for Tk
          • Scrolled Text Widget
        • Specialized Use Cases
          • Manipulate raw audio data
          • Read and write AIFF and AIFC files
          • Read and write Sun AU files
          • Read and write WAV files
          • Read IFF chunked data
          • Conversions between color systems
          • Determine the type of an image
          • Determine type of sound file
          • Access to OSS-compatible audio devices
          • Interface to Sun's NIS (Yellow Pages)
          • Parser for command line options (legacy)
          • Access the import internals (legacy)

      Specialized Use Cases


      01. Manipulate raw audio data 02. Read and write AIFF and AIFC files 03. Read and write Sun AU files 04. Read and write WAV files 05. Read IFF chunked data 06. Conversions between color systems 07. Determine the type of an image 08. Determine type of sound file 09. Access to OSS-compatible audio devices 10. Interface to Sun's NIS (Yellow Pages) 11. Parser for command line options (legacy) 12. Access the import internals (legacy)
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